Ancient Egypt essays

Ancient Egypt essays I first began my research at the Smithsonian Institute National Museum of Natural History. Ancient Egyptian history covers a period of over three thousand years. Most modern countries histories are only hundreds of years old. Only China can come anywhere near this in term of historical continuity. Egyptian culture declined and disappeared nearly two thousand years ago. The last trace of this culture ceased to exist in AD 391 when the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I closed all pagan temples throughout the Roman Empire. It wasnt until Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 that the marvelous artifacts of the Egyptians were seen in Europe and their ancient culture began to awaken from its long slumber. Daily life in ancient Egypt flourished around the Nile and the fertile land along its banks. The yearly flooding of the Nile enriched the soil and brought good harvests and wealth to the land. The people of ancient Egypt built mud brick homes in villages and in the country. They grew some of their own food and traded in the villages for the food and goods they could not produce. Most ancient Egyptians worked as farmers, field hands, scribes and craftsmen. There were however a small group of people who were nobles. The ancient Egyptians thought of Egypt as being divided into two types of land, the 'black land' and the 'red land'. The 'black land' was the fertile land on the banks of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians used this land for growing their crops. This was the only land in ancient Egypt that could be farmed because a layer of rich, black silt was deposited there every year after the Nile flooded. The 'red land' was the barren desert that protected Egypt on two sides. These deserts separated ancient Egypt from neighboring countries and invading armies. They also provided the ancient Egyptians with a source for precious metals and semi-precious stones. The ancient Egyptians believed that mummifying a person's body after...

Gram staining lab report Essay Example

Gram staining lab report Essay Example Gram staining lab report Paper Gram staining lab report Paper Gram Staining Lab Introduction Gram staining is a very important technique used in biology labs all over the world. It is a technique used to differentiate types of bacteria using certain physical and chemical characteristics Of their cell walls. Gram positive bacteria (which show up purple after the gram staining process) have a very thick layer of epidemiological where gram negative bacteria (Which show up pink after the gram staining process) have a much thinner layer of epidemiological. One thing to note is that not all bacteria are gram positive or gram negative, some are Nan-reactive o this type of staining. Bacteria that are non-responsive to this technique are known as gram insensitive. Hypothesize that in the cultures used in this lab for gram staining will contain many gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Material and Methods The following things are needed to run a gram staining experiment: 1, Bacterial cultures . Glass slides . Cover slips . Ammonium Oxalate-Crystal Violet stain . Grams Iodine Solution Ethyl Alcohol Seafaring Solution paper towels . Water I (I Bunsen Burner (Lighter will suffice) 11. Microscope I _ Prepare and heat-fix smears. 2. Stain the slides as follows: a. DOD the crystal violet for one minute. B. Pour off excess dye and wash gently in tap water and drain the slide against a paper towel. Expose the smears to Grams iodine for one minute by washing with iodine, then adding more iodine and leaving it on the smear until the minute is over. D. Wash with tap water and drain carefully. (Do not blot. ) e. Wash with 95% alcohol for 30 seconds. F. Wash with tap wat er at the end of the 30 seconds to stop the decentralization. G. Countersink with 0. 25% seafaring for 30 seconds, Drain. H. Wash, drain, blot, and examine under oil. Draw the cells showing morphology, grouping, and relative sizes, Color a few of the cells of each bacterial species to show the Gram reaction. J. Save these slides and the ones from parts B C of this exercise to use at the next lab period. Looking under the microscope after letting the stain set will prove to be quite interesting, Results The gram staining lab was a huge success. Many different types of both gram negative and gram positive bacteria were identified. There were even a few gram insensitive fellows that had some interesting characteristics such as being spiral shaped. : In all there were four different kinds of gram positive bacteria, two notably different types of gram negative bacteria, and only one gram insensitive bacteria. Discussion There were many good specimens that ended up beautifully stained. One of the Odd things noticed about the gram sensitive bacteria is that the gram negative bacteria were gigantic compared to the gram positive bacteria (XX-1 OX larger). One Of the gram positive types Of bacteria in the cultures that were interesting to me were some that came in colonies of four. (Not identified yet but have been working on it.

Designing the questions of the survey and interview Dissertation

Designing the questions of the survey and interview - Dissertation Example There are several advantages of Likert scale (Kothari, 2008). First of all it is easy to construct. Secondly it makes the respondent answer each of the questions in the instrument. This means that more data can be collected. Survey questionnaire: How did you get to know about our cafe? 1. From advertising 2. Word of mouth 3. From a travel agency or catalog 4. From magazine How was the service at the table reservation? 1. Excellent. 2. Good 3. Satisfactory 4. Poor Purpose of your visit to our cafe. 1. Business 2. Meetings& events 3. Relaxation /wellness 4. Health & fitness How was the check in procedure ? 1. Excellent 2. Good 3. Satisfactory 4. Poor How was the reception? 1. Excellent 2. Good 3. Satisfactory 4. Poor How was the food quality? 1. Excellent 2. Good 3. Satisfactory 4. Poor How was the service of the coffee shop? 1. Excellent 2. Good 3. Satisfactory 4. Poor How do you rank the menu of the coffee shop? 1. Excellent 2. Good 3. Satisfactory 4. Poor Would you recommend our Caf e to friends or family? Yes No How was the standard of cafe services? 1. Excellent 2. Good 3. Satisfactory 4. Poor Do you prefer any other cafe better than us? ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please comment on our services which may help us to improve in future. --------------------